Niccolo Machiavelli Essay - 1536 Words

Niccolo Machiavelli Around 1513 Niccolo Machiavelli while writing The Prince would not be considered a theologian. When thinking of Machiavelli many people confuse him together with the names of rulers who have abused his writings. It also seems other people confuse Machiavelli with the rapper who took his name. Either way people confuse Machiavelli it seems they fail to look at his true message, bettering the state and the greater good. Machiavelli may seem evil to some but his political theory properly applied is optimal for founding a state, establishing and then maintaining order. Machiavelli being a consequentialist believed actions should be judged by their consequences. Machiavelli because of the way he thought believed†¦show more content†¦When thinking of right and wrong would it not be right to save more even though you have to hurt some? Machiavelli is not against all that is good. Machiavelli, although thought to be, is not against religion. Machiavelli believes religion is a great unifier. A fact many have overlooked in his philosophy. Also it seems there is a hint of belief or acknowledgement in God in his passage Although one should not reason about Moses, since he merely executed what God Commanded, yet he must be praised for the grace that made him worthy of speaking with God. But let us consider Cyrus and the others who acquired great kingdoms: they were all praiseworthy, and their actions and institutions, when examined, do not seem to differ from Moses, who had such a mighty teacher. This quote too could be Machiavelli simply covering his tracks so he does not seem blasphemous and the punishment that would come with being blasphemous. It is interesting though why he would even mention Moses when he could have been as easily left out? Machiavelli believed for a prince to be successful he must found a state that will not need a prince once he dies. This belief was stretched over The Prince and The Discourses. The question though is how can a prince make himself obsolete or should he make himself completely obsolete? The answer is no he can not make himself completely obsolete. A Prince should establish a republic but stillShow MoreRelatedNiccolo Machiavelli Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli is a great influence on many poloticians, philosophers, and leaders alike. His name has also come into our grammer as Machiavellian or Machiavellism meaning a brutal or realist view of something perhaps not the most moral of methods but it is effective. In Niccolo Machiavellis day and age he was one of the few that could read and write literacy was left primarily to preists and poloticians. He was oviously a very skilled politician and had a knowledge for the art of war. Read MoreThe Prince by Niccolo Mach iavelli885 Words   |  4 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli was born in Italy in 1469 and began his political career in 1498. At that time, Italy was struggling politically. The government was so corrupt and was comprised of several independently operated city-states. What further complicated matters was that this is where the pope lived. He was leader of the Catholic Church, controlled his own territory, and had more influence than any prince of any of the other city-states in Italy. Machiavelli was suspected of being an enemy ofRead MoreEssay on The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince by Niccolà ² Machiavelli was written in the year 1513 A.C.E. in Italy during a time in which his views were greatly detested by others. They were so hated that he was exiled from his own country for writing them. When hearing this, one must ask oneself, what kinds of views did Machiavelli have so that his own country would cast him out? His ideas, though written very complexly, were very simple. One must gain success and to do so, any means were justifiableRead MoreEssay about Niccolo Machiavelli1653 Words   |  7 Pages According to legend, just before his death, Niccolo Machiavelli told his friends that had remained faithful to him up until the very end about a dream he had had. In his dream, he had seen a group of peasants, wretched and decrepit in appearance. He asked them who they were. They replied, ‘We are the saintly and the blessed; we are on our way to heaven.’ Then he saw a crowd of formally attired men, aristocratic and grim in appearance, spea king solemnly of important political matters. Again, heRead MoreNiccolà ³ Machiavelli: Fear or Love540 Words   |  2 PagesMachiavelli: Fear or Love? Niccolà ³ Machiavelli’s The Prince is a book of political philosophy that describes the perfect leader in a republican fourm of government, the very form used in American society today. Machiavelli explains what qualities the ideal â€Å"prince† should have as well as how he should go about conducting his business. Although both qualtites would be desirable, he argues that if the prince were to choose between being feared or loved by his people, the prince should choose fearRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli517 Words   |  3 Pages The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is about the origination of a prince. More or less how a prince can start from the bottom and become a great king or die at the feet of his people before reaching his prime. To become a prince there are many different ways which is explain in this book for example To arrive at this position depends not entirely on worth. Stating that there are a number of way you can become a prince by Favor of the people, but must maintain a healthy friendship and offer protectionRead More Changing Interpretations of The Prince and Niccolo Machiavelli2638 Words   |  11 PagesChanging Interpretations of The Prince and Niccolo Machiavelli After five hundred years, Niccolo Machiavelli the man has ceased to exist. In his place is merely an entity, one that is human, but also something that is far above one. The debate over his political ideologies and theories has elevated him to a mythical status summed up in one word: Machiavelli. His family name has evolved into an adjective in the English language in its various forms. Writers and pundit’s bandy about this newRead MoreThe Prince and The Discourses by Niccolo Machiavelli1753 Words   |  7 Pagesputs Florence in an even worse situation. As a person working at the office of the second chancellery of Florence with great interest in politics, Machiavelli tries to come up with some possible solutions that could get Florence into a better situation. Through his political career as a diplomat and secretary under the regime of Piero Soderini, Machiavelli realizes how important the role of the populace is in order for the Florentine government to get close to wh at he thinks of as the ideal model ofRead MoreThree Points that Niccolo Machiavelli Illustrates in The Prince743 Words   |  3 PagesThree Points that Niccolo Machiavelli Illustrates in The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli is a very pragmatic political theorist. His political theories are directly related to the current bad state of affairs in Italy that is in dire need of a new ruler to help bring order to the country. Some of his philosophies may sound extreme and many people may call him evil, but the truth is that Niccolo Machiavelli’s writings are only aimed at fixing the current corruptions and cruelties that filled theRead MoreBiography of and Principles Taught By Niccolo Machiavelli Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli Essay: Question 1 Born in the 15th century, Niccolà ² Machiavelli was an Italian historian, politician, philosopher, diplomat and humanist. Following his career as an official in the Florentine Republic, Machiavelli was a founder of modern political science and political ethics. In the political treatise The Prince, written in 1532, Machiavelli outlines several key traits of a successful princedom such as; how to incorporate newly acquired provinces, the most successful way to conquer territories

Schooling the Smash Street Kids Book Review Free Essays

Paul Corrigan’s ‘Schooling the smash street kids’ takes the ever problematic issues of education and youth and provides a glimpse into it from the other side of the street. Impulsive, informal and unorthodox in writing style, Corrigan talks as if you were an old friend, pulling you in and gently nudging your opinions with personal memories. His work was based in the gritty north-east city of Sunderland, studying 14-15 year old boys in two schools with very different levels of facilities but both with undoubtedly working class pupils. We will write a custom essay sample on Schooling the Smash Street Kids Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now This book does not start with a hypothesis and then test it but arranges each chapter around a relevant question, i. e. why do kids muck about in class, and answers that question at the beginning of the chapter using existing theories and another way at the end showing the process of the sociological research that had been completed. The nature of the book is to discuss youths and the system of education in 1970s Britain and to highlight problems faced everyday in the classroom by teachers and pupils alike. The book is aimed at giving a voice to those in similar situations, teachers that are struggling to engage the tough to handle children that they teach and those in government that can change it so they can ‘see some point in education itself’ (page 153). Schooling the smash street kids provides real insight to problems that need solutions drawn from actual research that was carried out in schools by the author. Paul Corrigan was able to do this in an effective way as he did not project himself to the pupils as a teacher or an authority figure, but as an author who was writing a book about the students and they were his only reason for being there. This in turn created trust between them and he was therefore able to conduct much more meaningful research that may have not been obtained had he taken on a more authoritative persona. Although the style of the book is written in a way that can be understood and interpreted by people of different abilities and from different backgrounds, holds the readers attention and gets its information across in a succinct and interesting way, the chatty and informal nature of the writing could be a flaw. It may not be taken as a serious piece of research due to this and could lose some credibility among academics, when in fact it could provide significant findings to the field of research. Overall, this book is an easy and interesting read and may be useful to students starting out in the field of criminology, to grasp basic understandings. The book is well organised in structure and incorporates personal experiences and statistics which helps drives home its purpose, to change and improve the schooling system and give a, albeit a small, platform to those and others in a similar position, that Corrigan encounters. How to cite Schooling the Smash Street Kids Book Review, Papers

Managerial Finance Capital Markets

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Finance for Capital Markets? Answer: Equity = Total liabilities and equity Debt Total liabilities and equity = 9,500 + 8% (9500) = 10,260. Debt = 4500 + 8% (4500) = 4,860. Equity = 10,260 4,860 = 5,400 Increase in equity = 5,400 -5,000 = 400 Net income = 5,600 + 8% (5600) = 6,048 Net income is 6,048 but equity increased only by 400, so dividend of 5,648 (6048-400) has been paid. An increase of sales to $28,800 is an increase of: % increase in sales = ($28,800 23,100) / $23,100 = 0.25 or 25% Assuming costs and assets increase proportionally Pro formaincome statement Pro forma Balance sheet Sales $ 28,800 Assets $ 151,250 Debt $ 37,600 Costs 19,875 Equity $87,193 EBIT $ 8925 Total $ 151,250 Total $ 124,793 Taxes (35%) 3124 Net income $ 5,801 The payout ratio is constant: Dividends = ($1,620 / $4,680)($5,801) Dividends = $2,008 The addition to retained earnings is: 5801 2008 = $3,793 New equity balance = 83400 + 3793 = $87,193 External financing need = Total assets Total liabilities and equity = 151250-124793 = $26,457 3: Full capacity sales = $520,000/0.83 = $626,506 Capital intensity ratio = $421,200/$626,506 = 0.6723 Fixed asset need = ($701,687 x 0.6723) - $421,200 = $50,544 A) Retention ratio: b= 1 $9,300 / $14,800 b= 0.3716 ROE (Return on Equity) ROE= $14,800 / $51,000 ROE= 0.2902, or 29.02% Sustainable growth rate= (ROE b) / [1 (ROE b)] Sustainable growth rate=[0.2902(0.3716)] / [1 0.2902(0.3716)] Sustainable growth rate= 0.1209, or 12.09% B) New Total Assets = 1.1209($68,000 + 51,000) = $133,384.62 New Total Debts = [Debts / (Debts + Equity)](Total assets) = [$68,000 / ($68,000 + 51,000)]($133,384.62) = $76,219.78 Additional borrowing = $76,219.78 68,000 = $8,219.78 C) (Return on Assets) ROA = $14,800 / ($68,000 + 51,000) ROA = .1244, or 12.44% The growth rate that can be supported with no outside financing = (ROA b) / [1 (ROA b)] = [.1244(.3716)] / [1 .1244(.3716)] = .0485, or 4.85% If you retire in 25 years, the account will have an ending value of 1500 * (1 + 0.087)25 = $12,073. If you wait 5 years to contribute, it will remain in the account for 20 years; the ending value of the account will be: 1500 * (1 + 0.087)20 = $5,242 A) The APR is the interest rate per week times 52 weeks in a year, so: APR = 52(8%) = 416%, EAR = (1 + 0.08)52 1 = 53.7 or 5,370% B) Calculation of APR 416 % / (1-0.08) = 452.1739 % Now rate per week = 452.1739 / 52 = 8.6956 % per week EAR = (1+0.0869)52- 1 = 75.38 or 7,538% C) PVA = $63.95 = $25[{1 [1 / (1 + r)]4}/ r ]; using trial and error or a financial calculator gives r = 20.63% per week APR = 52(20.63%) = 1,072.90%; EAR = 1.206352 1 = 1,722,530.00% We need to find the lump-sum payment into the retirement account. The present value of the desired amount of retirement is PV = FV (1+r)n PV = 5000000 / (1+0.10)40 PV = $110474.64 This is the value today. Since the savings are in the form of a growing annuity, we can use the growing annuity equation solve for the payments, doing so we get PV= C {1-[(1+g)/(1+r)]40} / (r-g) 110474.64 = C {1-[(1+0.03)/(1+0.10)]40} / (0.10 0.03) 110474.64 = C {1-[(1.03/1.10)]40} / (0.07) 110474.64 = C {1- 0.072074} / 0.07 110474.64 = C x 0.927926 / 0.07 C = $ 8333.89 This is the amount you need to save next year, so the % of your salary is = $ 8333.89 / 50000 = 0.1667 or 16.67 % The PV of the two options is equal to each other to be indifferent, PV = $25,000/r And the PV of the annuity is: PVA = $35,000 [{1 [1/(1 +r)15]}/r] Setting them equal and solving for, we get: $25,000/r=$35,000[{1[1/(1+r)15]}/r] $25,000/$35,000=1[1/(1+r)15] 0.92 = 1/1+r R = 0.087 or 8.7% A) Annual payments (A): PV (withdrawals) = PV (savings) 1/(1.07)30[125,000/0.07(1/{1-1/1.0720})] = A/0.07(1-1/1.0730) 0.13[1,785,714(1.35)]=12.43A A = $25,213 B) The present value of 20 instalments of 125,000 at 7% = 125,000 * 10.594 = $1,324,250 The lump sum payment needed is the present value of $1,324,250 discounted back 31 years at 7%: 0.1228 * $1,324,250 = $162,618 C) Present value of fund required on 65 th birthday (as calculated in b) = $ 1,324,250 Future Value of the employer's contribution, on 65th birthday = (3500/7 %) x [(1.07)30-1] = $ 330,613 Future Value of the distribution, on 65th birthday = 175000 x (1.07)10= $344251 Net fund required on 65th birthday= 330613+ 344251 = $ 649,386 Deposits to be made annually = (649386 x 7 %) / [(1.07)30 -1] = $ 6875 Dividends for the first 4 years is Year 1 = 2.50 + 18% (2.50) = $2.95, Year 2 = 2.95 + 18% (2.95) = $3.481 Year 3 = 3.481 + 18% (3.481) = $4.108 Year 4 = 4.801 + 18% (4.801) = $4.847 P4 = 4.847 (1 + 0.03)/ (0.08 0.03) = $98.9 P0 = 2.95/1.08 + 3.481/1.082 + 4.108/1.083 + 4.847/1.084 + 98.9/1.084 = 2.73 + 2.98 + 3.8 + 3.56 + 72.69 = $85.76 Po = 1.45 * 1.06 /.11-.06 = $30.74 PV3= 30.74 N= 3 r = 6%, FVIF = 1.191, FV = 30.74(1.191) = $36.61 PV15= 30.74 N= 15 r = 6%, FVIF = 1.558, FV = 30.74(1.558) = $47.89 Let the face value of both the bonds X and Y be $1000 P = C(PVIFAR%,t) + $1,000(PVIFR%,t) X: P0 = $90(PVIFA7%,13) + $1,000(PVIF7%,13) = $1,167.15 P1 = $90(PVIFA7%,12) + $1,000(PVIF7%,12) = $1,158.85 P3 = $90(PVIFA7%,10) + $1,000(PVIF7%,10) = $1,140.47 P8 = $90(PVIFA7%,5) + $1,000(PVIF7%,5) = $1,082.00 P12 = $90(PVIFA7%,1) + $1,000(PVIF7%,1) = $1,018.69 P13 = $1,000 Y: P0 = $70(PVIFA9%,13) + $1,000(PVIF9%,13) = $850.26 P1 = $70(PVIFA9%,12) + $1,000(PVIF9%,12) = $856.79 P3 = $70(PVIFA9%,10) + $1,000(PVIF9%,10) = $871.65 P8 = $70(PVIFA9%,5) + $1,000(PVIF9%,5) = $922.21 P12 = $70(PVIFA9%,1) + $1,000(PVIF9%,1) = $981.65 P13 = $1,000 All else held equal, the premium over par value for a premium bond declines as maturity approaches, and the discount from par value for a discount bond declines as maturity approaches. This is called pull to par. In both cases, the largest percentage price changes occur at the shortest maturity lengths. Also, notice that the price of each bond when no time is left to maturity is the par value, even though the purchaser would receive the par value plus the coupon payment immediately. This is because we calculate the clean price of the bond. References Frank J. Fabozzi, Pamela Peterson Drake. (2009). Capital Markets, Financial Management and Investment Management. New Jersey. John Wiley Sons. Fanck Leonard, Basiliki Loli, Blaz Kralj, Vasileios Vlachos. (2012). Investment and Valuation of firms. Kristina Levisauskaite. (2010). Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. Frank K. Reilly, Keith C Brown. (2012). Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. Texas. Reilly Brown. V Pattabhi Ram, S D Bala. (2012). Strategic Financial Management. Chennai, India: Snow white prime knowledge series. Eugene F. Brigham. (2005). Financial Management: Theory and Practice. Thomsan South-western.